System and method for interactive web services

ABSTRACT

A system, method, and computer program product for delivery and automatic execution of security, management, or optimization software over an Internet connection to a user computer responsive to a user request entered via a web browser on the user computer. In a preferred embodiment, the user directs the Internet browser to a Internet clinical services provider web site computer and logs in to the site using an identifier and a secure password and optionally makes a selection of the type of servicing desired, wherein an automatically-executing software package encapsulated within a markup language communication unit deliverable across the Internet is delivered, to the user computer, the automatically-executing software package being adapted to perform security, management, or optimization functions on the user computer. User identifiers and passwords enabling the downloads may be provided on a per-download basis or on a subscription basis. Another method and computer executable program code are disclosed to verify the source of software downloaded from a remote site to a client computer over a computer network before the software can be executed on the client computer.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of a patent application filed Feb. 11, 1999 under Ser. No. 09/248,115, which in turn claims the benefit of priority from and is a continuation-in-part of the commonly-owned application Ser. No. 09/208,735, filed Dec. 8, 1998, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,266,774.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This invention relates in general to computer networks. In particular, the invention relates to secure ways of distributing software by server computers to client computers over a computer network.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Section A

This relates to a variety of problems such as computer viruses, cleanup of unusable or unwanted programs, and upgrading software that annoy and inconvenience the users of personal computers.

Despite the existence of good programs to detect and remove computer viruses, unscrupulous and adventurous computer programmers frequently try to skirt the virus antidote programs by creating new viruses that are hard to detect or remove. Thus, there is an on-going struggle between the creators of virus programs and the companies that find the antidotes for such viruses. A diligent user of a computer, therefore, must keep abreast of the developments in the computer virus warfare and upgrade to the latest software to detect and eliminate any new virus that may have infected his computer system. An automatic way of upgrading the virus antidote programs would help to ease the burden on the computer user.

Today, there are hundreds of vendors who offer trial versions (“demonstration copies”) of software as a method of gaining inroads in the market place. A typical computer user may wish to evaluate demonstration copies of software programs by different vendors before making a decision to purchase the best program for a particular use. These demonstration copies, once downloaded and activated, will reside on the computer after any expiration date set therein unless deliberate efforts are made to remove them. Once a demonstration copy has expired, it will not be useful to a computer user and will only take up valuable storage space on the user's computer. A typical computer user must plod through all directories in the computer to identify the unusable or unwanted computer programs and remove them in a carefull manner. To perform such task manually is not an optimal use of the time of a typical user. Additionally, in a manual cleanup of unusable or unwanted computer programs, there is a danger of deleting critical or useful programs accidentally, thus rendering the computer inoperative. Thus, there has developed a need for an accounting of software that is functional and useful and that which is unusable and merely occupying storage space on the computer.

To overcome some difficulties in removing outdated software programs from a user's computers, some vendors have started to market software programs like TuneUp™ to perform these tasks automatically. However, because of changes in the releases of operating systems, or the addition of new features, newer versions of such programs are released often. This creates a situation where a user must purchase and upgrade the previous versions of the “tuneup” programs. Accordingly, there is a need for an automatic method and system to cleanup a computer storage without the need to purchase newer versions of cleanup software. It is beneficial to a user if such cleanup happens without the user's intervention, and during the times when the user does not attend to the computer.

Another problem faced by a computer user is prompt notification that a new upgraded version of software is available. In the past, vendors have developed different ways to notify their customers. One method is to place a new advertisement banner indicating a new product or offering on other web sites and lead users to the advertiser's web site. But not many customers respond to such Internet invitations to click on an advertisement banner. Another way is to post a “What's New” page on a vendor's web site with links to other pages containing detailed information. This does not work well because this requires users to visit the vendor's web site periodically looking for new information. A third way is to maintain lists of electronic mail addresses for interested customers and send them e-mail notification periodically. Maintenance of these lists has proved to be tedious. Additionally, many customers object to receiving unsolicited electronic missives.

In order to automatically update information in a personal computer via the Internet, a new technology, called the “push” technology, has emerged. This technology incorporates the broadcasting model into web servers and browsers. The primary purpose of this technology is to overcome the problem of ensuring that interested parties are notified whenever information content in a web site is updated. “Content” is distinguished from other kinds of electronic information, such as programs and electronic mail messages in that content is the subject matter contained in a newspaper, a Lexis/Nexis™ database or the like. Content is neither a machine to perform a task nor a structure or description of how data are arranged in a computer. The push technology has helped corporations tailor their sites for particular groups of users so that interesting content is easily located. The push technology also has enabled messages to be sent to the audiences when it was deemed ready for publication. Using push publishing, web site publishers have delivered newsletters to niche audiences or notified subsets of their readers of updated content.

PointCast™ was one of the earliest implementations of the push technology to deliver information content. A user is typically advised to specify the type of content—news, entertainment, sports, or interest group related information—to be downloaded as it is updated. When upgraded content is available, the user may elect to download the information which can be browsed locally at the user's computer. PointCast™, however, is configured only to deliver content to the browser of a computer over the Internet. It is not designed or equipped with the means to download executable programs to a storage device connected to a computer and execute them at the remote computer.

Other products are aimed at delivering executable computer programs to a user computer and executing them locally. Oil Change™ is such a product. Once installed on the user computer, it allows automatic updating of computer programs via the Internet. In the case of Oil Change™, a user can update to new versions of previously purchased and loaded software, or download a new “patch” or a bugfix, device drivers for new peripheral devices, templates, clip art and business forms to work in conjunction with word processing software packages, screen saver images, or the latest amendments to the tax code to work with accounting software packages. Another example of a similar commercially available product is Castane™ from Marimba, Inc. In these systems, a user is required to download executable software programs from the vendor's web site via the Internet using a variant of a protocol called the File Transfer Protocol (“ftp”), and manually execute the downloaded programs on the user's personal computer thereafter. This mechanism is similar to loading software from a store-bought portable storage medium, such as a magnetic tape, a floppy disk or a CD ROM and running the software locally on a user's computer, except that the program is downloaded from the Internet instead of being loaded from a storage device.

Executing software on a 32-bit personal computer running a Windows-95®/98® or NT® operating system involves registering the software in a data store called Windows Registry. Windows Registry is a configuration data store for both hardware and software. The settings in Windows Registry control the behavior of the software. When a user attempts to execute software on a personal computer equipped with the above-mentioned operating systems, the operating system interprets the user's attempt and runs the software based exclusively on the information from the Windows Registry. Typically, an entry in Windows® Registry is made during the installation process of new software on a computer. Vendors of software application programs provide automatic means to ensure proper installation of their programs. If, on the other hand, no entry is made in the Windows® Registry, the context under which a user used the software is lost. There is a need, therefore, for a system and method to store the information related to the context of software usage without using the Windows® Registry as a repository of such information.

The programming language Java™ contemplates a virtual machine called the Java Virtual Machine™ (JVM) to run compiled Java™ code and stand-alone programs called “applets,” after they are downloaded to a compatible web browser such as the Netscape® Navigator™, in a tightly controlled and secure environment. The JVM™ is a software implementation of a central processing unit (CPU), an essential component in every computer. Software written in this virtual machine methodology run within a contained environment defined to work only in a browser program and cannot access a client computer's file system or desktop easily.

Other programming methodologies, such as the Component Object Model (COM) have been developed to overcome this deficiency. However, this does not solve all the problems with delivering executable software to a client computer over the Internet in a form ready to be automatically executed. There is a need, therefore, for a method to encapsulate software as to make it executable automatically upon delivery to the client computer.

Users of personal computers do not wish to entrust access to their computers to an unknown remotely located entity, for fear of losing privacy or causing damage to data stored in their computers. A service offered by a trustworthy source such as McAfee Associates, Inc., a well known vendor of computer security software, will overcome the user reluctance to allowing access of their personal computers to a remote operator.

In summary, the state of the art provides means to deliver components of programs, means to deliver executable programs that must be executed locally by manual intervention, and means to provide content rather than executable programs. This art can be improved by delivering executable software rather than mere components to a personal computer; by allowing a trusted remote operator to access the internal components of a personal computer; and by executing programs automatically from a remote location. There is a need, for example, for a system and method in which when a user connects with a web site, an application may be downloaded, installed, registered and executed without any further intervention on the part of the user.

Section B

The public data networks, collectively called the Internet and colloquially referred to as the Web, are becoming increasingly popular. Among other things, the Internet provides a communication medium to distribute software products to computers that are located at distant places. The numerous methods by which sellers of computer software programs deliver executable programs automatically to client computers owned or operated by users are described herein and in the parent application, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference.

To understand the invention, it is helpful to understand the distinctions among the terms content, browser, type-setting program, embedded object and script. These five types of entities are described below in the context of Internet-related software.

Content is the subject matter contained in a web page. Content is distinguished from the other entities described herein in that content is not a program; it is the data that is presented to a user.

A web browser, or simply, a browser, is a computer program that provides access to the vast resources of the Internet. Typically, this is done by providing a “window” to the data located on other computers connected to the Internet. A frame is a part or section of a browser window that contains a distinct display area. If a web page is defined to contain multiple frames, each frame can act as an independent display area, and can download web pages located at different web sites, while displaying them together in one window on a browser. Alternatively, a web page may cause multiple browser windows to be created on the user's computer. A browser can also be described as a “container” of the various components it displays. Thus, while the components are embedded in a browser, the browser envelops the components.

In general, in a window-based computer system, such as the Windows™ 98™ program marketed by the Microsoft Corporation, windows are arranged hierarchically. A browser program that executes on a window-based computer system is also arranged hierarchically. When a browser application is launched on a windows-based computer system, the first window that appears is called “parent window” or “main window” or “top-level” window. This top-level window can later “spawn” or “fork” other windows, which are called “sub-windows” that run other applications. A sub-window may be created by executing a script within a browser window, and may be programmed to run another instance of a browser program. In such cases, the sub-window is called an “opener” window. Thus, it may be the case that a first window running a browser program—a top-level window—is programmed to point to a web site, and a sub-window created from the same browser program is programmed to point to a different web site.

A type-setting program is a presentation program, typically written in the Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML). In an HTML-encoded program, content is surrounded by codes that indicate the manner in which the browser presents the content to a user. Additionally, HTML encodes certain devices called “links” that allow a user to “navigate” the web by simply clicking on a sensitive area of the web page.

A document that contains “objects” or “components” like graphics, audio or video files, or charts in addition to text is called an embedded document object. Several competing standards exist in the marketplace for documents that can be transmitted over the Internet and displayed in a browser. For example, two such standards are OpenDoc, promoted by the International Business Machines Corporation and Object Linking and Embedding (OLE), promoted by the Microsoft Corporation. Typically, these standards provide for an application programming interface (API) that allows an independent software vendor (ISV) to develop applications that deliver components via the Internet. An API generally allows a programmer to interact with an enveloping browser. For example, a programmer may seek to determine the precise configuration of the browser by reading the values of its internal parameters. Alternatively, a programmer may wish to adapt the browser to a desired configuration by appropriately setting the browser's parameters.

Finally, a script is a list of computer-executable instructions, typically written in a human-readable language. Some browsers are configured to execute instructions written in script languages. In such browsers, an analog of a Central Processor Unit (CPU)—which is an essential component of all modern computers—is defined within the software contained in the browser. This software-defined CPU executes the scripts within the browser environment. For example, JavaScript™ is a language in which a programmer can code in a human-readable set of instructions that can be executed within the browser environment. In this case, the browser is said to be a “container” object to execute the script within its bounds.

Referring now to the parent application, to achieve the objective stated therein, a web browser program running on a client computer must be able to access the inner workings of the client computer. This can be achieved with the help of the OLE document object technology. The OLE technology is a “system-level object architecture that includes services for all-inclusive data access, remote distribution of software components across heterogeneous platforms, robust transaction processing, and large-group development.” ActiveX™ technology, developed by the Microsoft Corporation, of Redmond, Wash., uses the OLE architecture and provides the building blocks that enable a provider to distribute over a network software executables that can be executed on a client machine. In general, such distribution of software executables is done via a web browser as described in the parent application. Typically, this execution on a client machine is done when a page source is input to it by invoking certain scripts embedded in the web browser. The downloaded software components are called ActiveX™ controls, which are computer executable pieces of program code. One feature of ActiveX™ controls is that they have no restrictions placed on them once they reach a user's machine. For example, a programmer may write an ActiveX™ control that, upon downloading to a user's computer, can shut down the computer or reformat its hard drive thereby destroying all data stored on the computer. This creates an easy way for malicious programs such as viruses to reach the client computer and be executed without the user's notice.

To overcome these security problems, the Microsoft Corporation requires all ActiveX™ controls to be verified by a signature initiative called Authenticode. This verification works in the following way. Each ActiveX™ control is given a secure and encrypted digital signature by a trusted corporation. All browsers that allow download and execution of ActiveX controls are pre-programmed to verify the digital signature. Every time an ActiveX™ control is about to be downloaded, the browser examines the digital signature associated with the control. If the signature is verified as authentic by the browser, it is downloaded without any problems. Otherwise, the browser issues a warning message to the user.

As explained in the parent application, the invention described therein uses some of the features of a programming methodology exemplified by ActiveX™ to effect easy and “hands-free” automatic downloading of software executables to a user's computer without any action taken on the part of the user. While the invented method and system help achieve the stated ends, a security threat may be created because of the above-mentioned feature of the ActiveX-like technologies that allows unrestricted access by the embedded code to a user's computer.

Because computers today are interconnected by networks such as the Internet, computer security has become a more important issue than before. Today, computers are more prone to attacks by viruses and Trojan Horses. A virus is a piece of computer code that replicates itself without a user's intervention. Left unchecked, a virus may copy itself stealthily to other computers and corrupt the data stored in storage devices connected to the computers. For example, a virus may rewrite a section of a computer start-up program called the “boot sector”. Every time a computer is started, the virus copies itself into the memory of the computer and waits. Suppose a user wishes to copy some data from the computer to a portable medium such as a floppy disk. The virus that has copied itself to the memory could be programmed to intercept the writing of the data to the disk and copy itself to the disk along with the data. In this manner, the virus has replicated itself to the floppy disk and is now ready to infect other computers where the floppy disk is used.

In contrast to a computer virus, a “Trojan Horse” is a malicious computer program that—like the fabled instrument of war used by ancient Greeks to gain entry into Troy—causes a user to believe that it is a legitimate program and entices the user operating a computer to perform certain actions that lead to compromising the security of the data stored in the computer.

Referring back to the parent application, assume that in accordance with the invention described therein, an Internet Clinical Services Provider (ICSP) downloads a software program called QuickClean™, designed to “cleanup” the user's hard drive. In accordance with the above-mentioned ActiveX™ Authenticode initiative, a license file is delivered to the user along with the QuickClean program. This software is designed with embedded methods or sub-routines that, when invoked properly using a script, rid the user computer of unwanted or unused software in an orderly manner. However, since these methods or sub-routines for removing unwanted or unused software are invoked by a script, a malicious user can also invoke the script in such a way as to remove desirable or valuable software, thereby causing severe damage to the user's computer. Moreover, a malicious user may also attempt to secretly transfer the contents of a user's computer by e-mailing these to his own computer. In the computer security lingo, such a malicious user or programmer is called a computer “hacker.” The above-mentioned malicious act, called computer “hacking,” can be accomplished in two ways.

In accordance with a first way of hacking, a hacker obtains a legitimate copy of QuickClean™ and its associated license file from the ICSP. The hacker can then create his own web site and host both QuickClean™ and the associated Authenticode license file on his web site and invite others to use the “free” software. The hacker creates a web page on his web site that contains a malicious script that will use the methods or sub-routines in the QuickClean™ program to erase a user's hard disk. When a user, enticed by the “free” software downloads the web page from the hacker's web site, the hacker will download the QuickClean™ program to the user's computer and invoke the methods in the program to erase the user's hard disk. Alternatively, suppose a user visits an authorized ICSP web site first and downloads the QuickClean™ program along with the associated Authenticode license file. Later, the user visits the hacker's web site. Since the QuickClean™ program is already stored on the user's computer, the hacker does not need to obtain a legitimate copy to wreak havoc on a user's computer by providing a script to invoke the sub-routines embedded ib the QuickClean™ program.

In accordance with a second way of hacking, a hacker may entice an unsuspecting user to visit his web site. The hacker may program his web pages to invoke multiple frames or multiple browser windows. In one frame or browser window, the hacker can cause the user computer to download the QuickClean™ program and the associated license file from the ICSP web site. In a second frame or browser window, the hacker can run his malicious script, thereby causing damage as described above.

There is a need, therefore, for a system and method to prevent a hacker from activating the methods or sub-routines embedded in a computer executable code downloaded to a user computer via the web.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The foregoing problems in Section A of the Background of the Invention are overcome in an illustrative embodiment of the invention in a network computing environment in which a server computer is programmed to download an application to a user computer across a network and to execute the application on the user computer.

In one aspect of the present invention, the server computer receives a request in the form of a data packet from the user computer, whereupon the server computer causes a first web page image to be displayed on the user computer via a browser program running on the user computer. If the user inputs identification and a secure password in the first web page and transmits the first web page to the server computer, the server computer authenticates the user information and opens a secure connection with the user computer. The server computer thereupon, with no additional input from the user, searches the user computer for pre-designated executable software, and if such software is not found or is found to be outdated, downloads to the user computer said software or upgrades to such software. Finally, the server computer causes the software to be executed on the user computer.

In another aspect of the invention, the server computer stores user information received during an initial registration process and verifies the user information when a user requests the services of the server computer via the first web page.

In another aspect of the present invention, the server computer is programmed to generate periodic reports of user activity, and coupled with information stored in a billing database connected to the server computer, generates invoices to be sent to the user via email, fax or some other means. In a yet another aspect of the invention, the server computer is programmed to generate statistical summary reports of usage patterns for all users on a periodic or on-demand basis, said summary reports generated in textual form, graphical form or electronic form to be displayed on or transmitted to another computer.

With respect to the problems of Section B of the Background of the Invention, the present invention provides a method to verify a downloaded software object so that the software object is executed only if it is downloaded by an authorized entity. Accordingly, the invention comprises a software program that is downloaded to a client computer by a server computer and is programmed to execute on the client computer only if it is enabled to do so. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a computer-executable program code first determines the URL to which a browser running on the client computer is pointed and enables the downloaded software program only if the URL to which the browser is pointed is an authorized URL.

In another aspect of the invention, the determination of the URL to which the browser is pointed is made by verifying the URL pertaining to the “top-level” window of the browser. In a yet another aspect, the determination is made by verifying the URL pertaining to the “opener” window of the browser.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment in which:

FIG. 1 depicts the overall architecture of an embodiment of the present invention comprising a server computer and a user computer connected via a data network;

FIG. 2 is a detailed view of the component parts of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a sample web page depicting a user enrollment form; and

FIGS. 4-1 and 4-2 are a flow chart depicting operation of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 shows a server computer connected to a client computer via the Internet; and

FIGS. 6A and 6B are a flow diagram depicting the steps comprising a preferred method to practice the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Referring to the drawings, wherein like reference numbers refer to like parts, FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of the invention. An Internet clinical services provider (“ICSP”) maintains and controls a server computer 100, which is connected to a data communication network, such as a Local Area Network, a Wide Area Network or other similar network. In a preferred embodiment as shown in FIG. 1, the data communication network is the Internet 102. The server computer 100 is equipped with storage 110, memory 112, and a network interface device 114 to connect to the Internet 102. The server computer 100 makes available information that can be accessed via Internet 102 by user computer 104 using a browser. User computer 104 is connected to the Internet 102 via a modem 106. The user computer 104 is equipped with a semiconductor memory, a storage device such as a disk drive, a central processing unit such as a Pentium™, Pentium II™, or Motorola 68000 microprocessor, and a display device such as a CRT. Additionally, the user computer 104 is equipped with software that enables the user to connect to the Internet 102 via the modem 106 as well as a browser 116 (shown in FIG. 2) that allows the user to “surf” the Internet 102.

Now referring to FIG. 2, in a preferred embodiment the server computer 100 comprises web server software 120, and is coupled to server-side engines 150 to deliver Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML), Microsoft® Active Server Pages™ (ASP), and ActiveX™.

Also on the server computer 100, a Common Gateway Interface (CGI) program 140 provides the software interconnection between the Internet 102 and other programs running on the server computer 100. Typically, the CGI program 140 forms the gateway to the Internet 102 by opening a connection via a Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) stack. All requests enter the server computer 100 via the CGI program 140, and all responses are delivered to the user computer 104 via the Internet 102 by way of the CGI program 140.

In a preferred embodiment, the server-side engine 150 software is implemented in the programming language ActiveXm marketed by the Microsoft Corporation, of Redmond, Wash. ActiveX™ is a set of technologies that enables software components to interact with one another in a networked environment, regardless of the language in which they were created. ActiveX™ is built on the Component Object Model (COM). An ActiveX™ control is an object created using the ActiveX™ technology.

The server-side engines 150 are information delivery systems that respond to an Internet request for a particular type of service. A user makes an Internet request for service typically by typing a Universal Resource Locator (URL) in the web browser 116 running on the user computer 104, and submitting it in the form of a packet of data to the server computer 100. Thus, the user computer establishes a logical connection with the server computer. When the user computer 104 requests an ActiveX™ service, the server-side ActiveX™ engine 150 delivers corresponding objects called “ActiveX™ controls” and accompanying script files, embedded in a HTML file, to the user computer 104. ActiveX™ controls are programming building blocks that enable small component parts of software to be embedded in a HTML page 500 and sent to the client computer 104 in response to a user request. A more detailed explanation of the workings of the ActiveX™ controls and the method by which they are delivered to a user computer is provided in the book, “Understanding ActiveX™ and OLE™,” by David Chappell, Microsoft® Press, Washington, 1996, which is incorporated herein by reference. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that ActiveX™ controls could easily be substituted with other similar mechanisms without undue experimentation if a Java™-enabled browser or any other browser provides a mechanism to access the inner workings of the user computer 104.

Also connected to the server computer 100 is an application knowledge base 128, which is a repository of data pertaining to the various software that are delivered to the client computer 104 by the server-side engines 150. The data stored by the application knowledge base 128 typically relates to the specific characteristics of an executable software program. For example, if a new version of an anti-virus program is available, then the knowledge base stores the changed programs or dynamic link libraries (DLL) of the new version. Before the server-side engines 150 download software to the user computer 104, they consult with the knowledge base and determine that an upgrade is needed for the user computer 104.

The server computer 100 is additionally connected to a billing database 130 and a user profile database 132. The billing database 130 stores the information related to any user requests for services offered by the ICSP; the user profile database 132 enables storage, update, and retrieval of any user-related information, such as name, contact address, telephone number and e-mail address. In a preferred embodiment, both the billing database 130 and the user profile database 132 are implemented using a Microsoft® SQL Serve™ database system. In alternative embodiments, any indexing system, relational database management system, flat files or other data storage and retrieval mechanism can be used. The billing database 130 and the user profile database 132 provide interfaces that enable a server-side engine to request pertinent information in the form of a database query-response interaction method, such as the Structured Query Language (SQL) method.

It is to be appreciated that, in accordance with a preferred embodiment, an account for the user may be created on the server computer before or during the registration step. Generally speaking, this will include the steps of taking a customer credit card number or receiving other funds from the customer, and adding funds to the account. Each time the user uses the services of the ICSP, the account may be debited. Alternatively, the account need not be debited every time the user uses the services of the ICSP, but rather the ICSP services may be offered on a subscription basis, wherein the customer may purchases a subscription at the beginning of a time period (such as one year) and may then use the services of the ICSP as much as desired through the course of the time period.

Illustrative operation of the invention is described in conjunction with FIGS. 3-4. A user at a personal computer such as computer 104 accesses the ICSP by typing the URL for the “clinic” web page 300. This causes browser 116 to access the server computer 100, thereby establishing a logical connection with the server computer. The server computer 100 then responds to the user request by sending web page 300, preferably a home page for the ICSP service, to user computer 104 for display. The web page 300 contains fields for an identification number 302, a user's e-mail address 304, and optionally, a web password 306. The user enters the user identification information in the web page 300 and sends the page to the server computer 100 (step 402). The CGI program 140 running on the server computer 100 receives the user identification information and performs a lookup in the user profile database 132 to authenticate the user (step 404). If the user is not authenticated, the CGI program 140 sends an error message to the user computer 104 in the form of a web page (step 420). If, on the other hand, the user is authenticated, the CGI program 140 on the server computer 100 creates a secured connection between the user computer 104 and the server computer 100 (step 406). This process, of authenticating the user computer 104 and creating a secured connection between the two computers 100 and 104, is called “registering” the user computer 104 with the ICSP. The act of registering the user computer 104 at the server computer 100 web site causes the user computer 104 to allow the server computer 100 to run scripts to start applications.

An “event” is an action performed by a user or by the server computer 100. For example, registering a user computer 104 at the ICSP web site is an event. Similarly, the occurrence of a timeout condition, the automatic downloading of an anti-virus program to the user computer 104, or the termination of the secure connection, are events caused by the server computer 100. A “transaction” is defined as a set of events that occur between the registration of the user computer 104 at the ICSP web site and the completion of the actions by the server computer 100 or the termination of the connection established between the two computers. After the user computer 104 is registered at the ICSP, entries are made in the billing database 130 and the user profile database 132 for the event (step 407).

The CGI program running on the server computer 100 causes a web page to be downloaded to the user computer 104. Embedded in the web page are ActiveX# controls and scripts that cause a search program to be executed on the user computer 104 to determine if any executable software needs execution, installation, upgrades or updates (step 408). In a preferred embodiment, this results in a search of the user computer's storage medium, for example, in the cache area of the browser 116, to determine if any program needs to be downloaded. Additionally, the program looks to determine if there is a need to execute any software program, such as an anti-virus program (step 410). If no execution, installation, upgrades or updates are needed, then the connection between the server computer 100 and the user computer 104 is terminated (step 412).

If, on the other hand, an execution, installation, upgrade or update is determined to be needed, the server computer 100 then proceeds to download new executable software to the user computer 104 via the Internet 102 connection (step 414), or to execute previously downloaded software(step 416). In a preferred embodiment, the server computer 100 downloads an application engine by wrapping it in a COM/ActiveX wrapper and storing the entire package in a browser cache area of the client computer 104.

These application engines are configured to perform different tasks or a combination of different tasks. These tasks include, but are not limited to, checking for any computer viruses on the user computer 104; compressing the software or data located on the storage connected to the user computer 104; searching for software or data on the user computer 104 that needs upgraded versions; upgrading the software or data on the user computer 104; searching for and deleting unused, obsolete, unneeded or undesired software, components or data on the user computer 104; archiving software or data located on the user computer 104; shredding or deleting without trace the data or software located on the user computer; advising or responding to user questions as an expert advisor system; performing hardware and software diagnostics on the user computer 104; and providing a health report card for the user computer 104. It should be noted that a person skilled in the art may download software to accomplish other tasks in a similar manner. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention encompasses that as well.

After the server computer 100 downloads a program to the user computer 104 (according to step 414), the server computer 100 automatically executes the program on the user computer 104 without any intervention by the user (step 416). The details of the execution of the downloaded program are recorded in the database 130 and the user profile database 132 connected to the server computer 100 (step 418).

After the application is executed on the user computer 104, the server computer 100 checks if any other programs need to be downloaded or upgraded on the client computer 104 (step 420). If other programs are to be downloaded or executed, then the server computer 100 performs steps 408-416 without any further intervention by the user.

Upon the expiration of a time period set by the ICSP, or upon demand, a report is generated by the server computer 100 of the transactions logged in the databases 132 and 130 (step 422). This report is either in a textual form summarizing different classes of transactions requested by users of the ICSP, or in a graphical form with two- or three-dimensional bar-graphs, stacked bar graphs, line graphs, or pie charts displaying statistical analyses of different operations performed by or with the server computer 100. Reports of the statistical analysis and graphs representing such analysis are then transmitted in an electronic form to the user computer 104.

Accordingly, using a method in accordance with the preferred embodiments, a relatively unsophisticated computer user who has an Internet browser such as Internet Explorer 4.0 or Netscape Communicator 4.0 installed on their computer system is capable of maintaining a secure, up-to-date, and optimized computer system without needing to manually perform the “sophisticated” steps of purchasing and installing software upgrades, optimization software, antivirus programs, etc. Rather, in a manner analogous to the way a car owner simply takes their car to a service garage and walk away while the car is “automatically” upgraded or repaired, a user in a system according to the preferred embodiments may simply “park” their computer at the ICSP using their Web browser and, after registration or other validation procedure, may simply “walk away” while their computer is automatically upgraded or repaired by encapsulated routines that are automatically downloaded from the ICSP.

The foregoing describes a new and useful method and system for automatically downloading and remotely executing software applications over a secure Internet 102 connection. Those skilled in the art may make numerous modifications and departures from the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed invention. For example, the server computer 100 can comprise a distributed computing system or a cluster of networked computers; the database may comprise a distributed database or several databases. Additionally, web pages may comprise an interface that is not specified herein. Other embodiments may include a network connection other than the Internet 102 between the server computer 100 and the user computer 104; and the software downloaded may be intended to perform tasks such as database management, word processing, spread sheet, games, or other tasks that are not specified herein.

FIGS. 5-6B illustrate another embodiment. Referring to FIG. 5, a client computer 5100 is connected to the Internet 5102. Also connected to the Internet 5102 is a server computer 5104. The client computer 5100 can be a personal computer (PC), and is equipped with a processor, such as a Pentium II™ microprocessor, a display device such as a computer monitor or a flat panel display, a memory such as a semiconductor memory, an input device such as a computer keyboard or a mouse, and a storage device such as a computer hard drive. The client computer 5100 is configured to run an ActiveX™-compatible browser such as the Microsoft® Internet Explorer browser program. The browser program is adapted to incorporate an embedded object model, facilitating the delivery of objects by the server computer 5104 to the client computer 5100. Though in the preferred embodiment a Microsoft® Internet Explorer browser and the ActiveX™ technology are discussed, these should not be viewed as limitations to the invention. While in the illustrative discussion herein the technologies are enumerated as the best ways to practice the invention, the invention is contemplated to extend beyond these specific modes of implementation.

As described in the parent application, the server computer 5104 is operated by an Internet Clinical Services Provider (ICSP). The server computer 5104 comprises a processor, such as a Pentium II™ microprocessor, a memory such as a semiconductor memory, and a storage device such as a computer hard drive. The server computer 5104 is configured to receive request messages from the client computer 5100 over the internet in the Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP), File Transfer Protocol (FTP) or any similar protocol used to transfer data, video, voice or a combination of these media. The server computer 5104 is configured to transmit in response messages that include “web pages” that are programmed in Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) or a similar language. Embedded in the web pages are components such as documents, scripts, objects, frames and others that enable the server computer 5104 to display colorful graphical images on the display device coupled to the client computer 5100.

Now referring to FIGS. 6A and 6B, in accordance with the invention described in the parent application, a user operating the client computer 5100 enters the Universal Resource Locator (URL) pertaining to the server computer 5104 in a window provided by the browser program running on the client computer 5100. When the user presses a “send” button on the browser, this causes a request message to be transmitted to the server computer 5104. (Step 6200). The server computer 5104 then causes an identification web page to be displayed on the browser window at the client computer 5100. After the user enters the appropriate identification information in the browser window, this information is transmitted to the server computer. (Step 6202).

The server computer 5104 authenticates the user (Step 6204), and if authenticated, proceeds to download a copy of an ActiveX™-control-like software program and an associated license file to the client computer 5100. (Step 6205). For the purposes of illustration, assume that the software program is QuickClean™ and the license file is named QuickCleanLicense. The license file works in conjunction with the software program in the following way. When software objects embedded in the software program are to be executed, the browser or another program running on the client computer 5100 verifies if the license file and the software objects are “related.” If they are found to be related, the methods (or sub-routines) within the software objects can be “invoked” by a script running on the client computer 5100. (Step 6206). If on the other hand, QuickCleanLicense is found to be not related to QuickClean software, then the client computer 5100 terminates the program after displaying or sounding an alarm message. (Step 6220). It should be noted that authentication of the user by the server computer 5104 (described in step 6204) and the verification of the software objects by the client computer 5100 (described in step 6206) are different tasks and should not be confused with each other.

The invented method adds an additional step to the art described in the parent application. After the client computer 5100 determines that the QuickClean™ software and the QuickCleanLicense are “related,” the code in the QuickClean™ software must be “enabled” before it can be put to intended use. This is done by appropriately programming the QuickClean™ software to perform a “first-check” and a “second-check” as follows.

In order to prevent the first method of hacking described in this application, the QuickClean™ software is programmed to perform a “first-check” whereby it is determined if the browser is pointed to an ICSP-authorized web site when the software is invoked by the script running on the client computer. When the script invokes a sub-routine or a method in the QuickClean™ software, a first set of instructions embedded in the QuickClean™ software queries the browser to determine the URL to which the browser is pointed. (Step 6208).

A hacker may mislead the client computer 5100 when it performs the above-mentioned “first-check.” He can do this by causing the client computer to open a new browser window or a new browser window frame, according to the second method of hacking described above. To prevent this, the following method is used to perform a “second-check” of the QuickClean™ software. This is accomplished by a second set of instructions embedded in the QuickClean software. The second set of instructions queries the browser to determine the URL pointed to by the “top-level” window and the “opener” window. (Step 6210).

For example, if ActiveX™ objects embedded in an OLE-compatible browser are used to implement the QuickClean™ program, the URL to which the browser is pointed can be obtained by calling the method GetDisplayName provided in the Monicker Interface or by calling the GetLocation method provided in the Service Provider Interface of the IOleClientSite object defined within the ActiveX™ object. If both the methods (or sub-routine calls) return the same result, which is a ICSP-authorized URL, then the QuickClean™ software is deemed to have passed the “first check.” (Step 6208). These two methods can be illustrated as follows:

(1) IOleClientSite-->MonickerInterface-->GetDisplayName( )

(2) IOleClientSite-->ServiceProviderInterface-->BrowserAppInterface-->GetLocation( )

Additionally, the ActiveX objects embedded in the OLE-compatible browser can determine the URL pointed to by the “top-level” window of the browser by calling the BrowserApp Interface which can query the Document Object to obtain the HREF property of the Top Window Object. The “opener” window is determined in a similar manner. This can be illustrated in the following sequence of function calls:

(1) BrowserAppInterface-->DocumentObject-->WindowObject-->TopWindowObject-->LocationInterface-->Href Property( )=top-level URL

(2) BrowserAppInterface-->DocumentObject-->WindowObject-->TopWindowObject-->OpenerWindowObject-->LocationInterface->Href Property=opener URL

Once it is determined that the “top-level” URL and the “opener” URL point to the same authorized URL, then the QuickClean™ software is deemed “secondarily enabled.” (Step 6210).

Upon a successful enablement according to steps 6208 and 6210, the QuickClean™ software is executed by scripts running on the client computer 5100. (Step 6212). If, on the other hand, the QuickClean™ software is not enabled according to steps 6208 or 6210, then an attempt by a script to run the software results in error messages. (Step 6220).

There is described in the foregoing a new and useful invention to prevent a hacker from causing a threat to the information contained in a client computer by misusing authenticated objects designed to perform secure tasks. One skilled in the art may make several modifications to or departures from the preferred embodiments provided herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, or without undue experimentation. For example, the order in which steps 6208 and 6210 are executed may be interchanged; other browser programs can be used to practice the invention; and the technologies described herein to deliver and execute software via a computer network may be replaced with other similar technologies. All such departures and modifications are within the scope of this invention and should be construed accordingly. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for automatically performing one or more maintenance tasks on a remotely located computer connected to a server computer via a data network, said method comprising: communicating with the remotely located computer to form a logical connection with the server computer; delivering a script-based maintenance software package to the remotely located computer across said logical connection, said script-based maintenance software package being encapsulated within a markup language communication unit deliverable across said logical connection, said script-based maintenance software package comprising scripts for performing said one or more maintenance tasks on the remotely located computer; and automatically executing the scripts of said script-based maintenance software package via a network browser for performing said one or more maintenance tasks on the remotely located computer via the network browser.
 2. The method of claim 1, said operation of communicating including a registering operation, said registering operation comprising: downloading a web page located on the server computer using the network browser; entering an identifier and a secure password on said web page; and selecting an option presented on the web page to send the identifier and password to the server computer; wherein said operation of delivering said script-based maintenance software package is enabled only if a user has provided a valid identifier and password.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising: creating a transaction log on the server computer; and recording information related to said operations of registering and delivering in the said transaction log.
 4. The method of claim 3, further comprising generating a periodic activity report for the remotely located computer.
 5. The method of claim 4, further comprising transmitting an electronic message in an e-mail format from the server computer to the remotely located computer indicating that a new product or a new application is available for download.
 6. The method of claim 5, said logical connection with the server computer being a secure network connection.
 7. The method of claim 6, said script-based maintenance software package including a program to detect computer viruses on the remotely located computer.
 8. The method of claim 2, further comprising: before or during registering the remotely located computer, creating an account for a user of the remotely located computer on the server computer; and identifying said identifier and password as valid if the user has a current subscription or a positive fund balance in said user account.
 9. The method of claim 8, further comprising transmitting payment information from the remotely located computer to the server computer in an electronic mail message format, wherein said account may reflect a current subscription or an increased fund balance upon receipt of said payment information.
 10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: generating an electronic receipt on the server computer; and transmitting the receipt to the remotely located computer.
 11. The method of claim 1 wherein said one or more maintenance tasks comprise at least one of the following: compression of software, compression of data, search for software that needs to be upgraded, search for data that needs to be upgraded, upgrade of software, upgrade of data, search for obsolete software, search for obsolete data, deletion of obsolete software, deletion of obsolete data, archival of software, archival of data, hardware diagnostics, and software diagnostics.
 12. The method of claim 1 and further comprising invoking at least two of a plurality of methods provided by the network browser to determine if it is pointed to an authorized web site; and comparing the results obtained by the methods that are invoked.
 13. A computer program product embodied on a computer readable medium for automatically performing one or more maintenance tasks on a remotely located computer connected to a server computer via a data network, said method comprising: computer code for communicating with the remotely located computer to form a logical connection with the server computer; computer code for delivering a script-based maintenance software package to the remotely located computer across said logical connection, said script-based maintenance software package being encapsulated within a markup language communication unit deliverable across said logical connection, said script-based maintenance software package comprising scripts for performing said one or more maintenance tasks on the remotely located computer; and computer code for automatically executing the scripts via a network browser for performing said one or more maintenance tasks on the remotely located computer via the network browser.
 14. A computer-implemented method, comprising: directing a server computer to encapsulate a self-executing software maintenance program into a markup language communication unit deliverable across the Internet; directing the server computer to receive a user command over the Internet, said user command being received from a user via a web browser installed on a remote user computer; transmitting said encapsulated self-executing software maintenance program to said user remote computer responsive to said user command, whereby said software maintenance program is executed responsive only to commands entered from the user into the web browser. 